Multichain: How Web3 Became a Unified Digital Continent (June 2025)

From isolated blockchain islands to a seamless ecosystem: A complete guide to multichain technologies, their evolution, components, and future in the form of abstraction.

Introduction: From Silos to Network

Imagine the early internet: thousands of isolated networks unable to communicate. This is how Web3 looked just a few years ago. The crypto ecosystem long outgrew the boundaries of a single blockchain. Hundreds of networks (L1, L2, appchains), tens of thousands of decentralized applications (DApps), and millions of tokens – Web3 has become a vast, multinetwork environment. This is no longer news.

Before:

Each blockchain was an isolated “island.” Value (tokens), data (smart contract states), and identity (wallet addresses) were locked within one network. Moving assets or logic between networks was complex, risky, and often required centralized intermediaries (exchanges).

Now (June 2025):

Interacting with multiple blockchains is becoming intuitive and seamless. This shift was enabled by key technological breakthroughs: bridges, interoperability protocols, solver networks, modular designs, and increasingly sophisticated developer tools. Together, they lay the foundation for something greater – the transition to chain and account abstraction.

This article:

Deep dives into a critical part of this transition – multichain technology. We break down:

• What “multichain” actually means.
• How it fundamentally differs from “cross-chain.”
• The key components of a multichain ecosystem.
• Problems it solves (and creates).
• Practical use cases (2025 real-world examples).
• Why it’s critical for creating a unified, interconnected Web3 experience.
• The future direction – full network abstraction from the user.

Section 1: What is Multichain? Beyond the Definition

Multichain is not a specific protocol or a “magic button.” It is a fundamental concept and architectural approach, whose meaning changes depending on the level of consideration (network, blockchain, application). At its core, multichain means using more than one blockchain to achieve a goal, serve users, or optimize technical characteristics.

Why is this important? Because no single blockchain can perfectly suit all tasks (the so-called “scalability trilemma” – security, decentralization, throughput). Multichain allows choosing the best tool for the job.

Let’s examine how this works at different levels:

1. At the Network Level:

• What it is: Simple coexistence of multiple independent blockchains – Ethereum, Solana, Avalanche, Cosmos, Bitcoin L2 (Stacks, Merlin), Near, Sui, Aptos, etc.
• Features: Each network has its unique architecture (monolithic/modular), consensus rules (Proof-of-Stake/PoS, Proof-of-History/PoH, Delegated Proof-of-Stake/DPoS, etc.), virtual machine (EVM, SVM, MoveVM), tokenomics, and user community.
• Analogy: Like different countries with distinct languages, laws, and currencies.

2. At the Blockchain Level:

• What it is: One blockchain that uses multiple “chains” (parts) to perform its core functions. This is the essence of the modular approach.
• How it works: Key blockchain functions are split into specialized layers:
  • Execution: Where transactions and smart contracts are processed (L2 rollups, appchains).
  • Consensus: Where validators agree on the network state (L1 Ethereum, Celestia, EigenLayer for DA).
  • Data Availability (DA): Where transaction data publication and accessibility are guaranteed (Celestia, EigenDA, Avail).
  • Settlement: Where transaction finality is ensured and disputes are resolved (often L1, but can be specialized layers).
• Examples:
  • Ethereum + Rollups (Arbitrum, Optimism, zkSync, Starknet): Execution on L2, consensus and DA on L1 Ethereum (or Celestia/EigenDA for “validiums”).
  • Celestia: Specializes only on DA, with modular execution layers built on top.
  • Cosmos SDK: Enables easy creation of specialized blockchains (zones) communicating via Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC).
• Analogy: Like a factory where different workshops (layers) specialize in specific production stages.
• Visualization (Modular Stack):

  |-------------------------|
  |     Application (DApp)    |  (e.g., Uniswap, Aave, game engine)
  |-------------------------|
  |   Execution Layer (L2)  |  (e.g., Arbitrum, Optimism, zkEVM, Appchain)
  |-------------------------|
  |    Settlement Layer     |  (e.g., Ethereum L1, Celestia for rollups)
  |-------------------------|
  | Data Availability (DA)  |  (e.g., Ethereum L1, Celestia, EigenDA, Avail)
  |-------------------------|
  |    Consensus Layer      |  (e.g., Ethereum PoS, Tendermint (Cosmos))
  |-------------------------|

3. At the Application Level (Multichain DApp):

• What it is: A decentralized application (DApp) deployed on multiple independent blockchains. This is not one application running across multiple networks via interoperability, but multiple separate instances of the same application running on different networks.
• How it works:
  • Developers take their DApp code (e.g., a DEX smart contract).
  • Adapt it for the target network’s virtual machine and specifics (EVM, SVM, MoveVM, etc. – ranging from parameter tweaks to major forks).
  • Deploy separate contract copies on each chosen network (Ethereum, Arbitrum, Polygon, Solana, Base, etc.).
  • State (user balances, pool liquidity) is stored and managed in isolation on each network. No automatic synchronization exists.
• Why do this?
  • Reach a larger audience: Users prefer different networks.
  • Leverage network strengths: Low fees on L2, Solana’s speed for gaming, Cosmos specificity for DeFi.
  • Reduce risks: Issues on one network don’t break the app on others.
  • Experimentation: Testing products in different communities.
• Examples (June 2025):
  • Uniswap v4: Deployed on Ethereum mainnet, Arbitrum One, Optimism, Polygon PoS, Base, Blast, Mode. Separate liquidity pools on each network.
  • Aave v4: Deployed on Ethereum, Avalanche, Polygon, Base, Metis. Isolated lending markets on each network.
  • SushiSwap (Trident): Actively supported on 15+ networks (including non-EVM, e.g., Near via Aurora). Different frontend/backend interfaces for different networks.
• Key drawback: High operational overhead. Each copy requires separate maintenance, updates, liquidity provisioning, and marketing. Leads to “fork fatigue.”

Section 2: Evolution: Why Did We Arrive at Multichain? (Trilemma and Fragmentation)

Roots: Ethereum and the Scalability Trilemma

Ethereum’s explosive growth in 2020-2023 exposed a fundamental problem known as the Scalability Trilemma: It’s extremely difficult to create a blockchain that simultaneously delivers decentralization, security, and scalability. Improving one often degrades the others.

• Problem 1: Throughput Limitation: Ethereum’s throughput (measured in transactions per second – TPS) was insufficient for its growing user base. This caused:
  • Skyrocketing Gas Fees: Competition for block space made transactions prohibitively expensive ($50+ per swap during peaks).
  • Slow Confirmations: Waiting for transaction inclusion took minutes or hours.
• Problem 2: Flexibility Trade-offs: Ethereum as a universal “world computer” wasn’t optimized for specific needs. Applications emerged demanding extreme performance:
  • DeFi: High-frequency trading, perpetual contracts require ultra-low latency and fees.
  • GameFi & Social: Millions of microtransactions demand high TPS and near-zero cost.
  • NFT & Metaverse: Instant minting and trading require speed and fee predictability.

Solution? Don’t force one chain to do everything. Create more chains!

Thus, the multichain strategy was born:

1. Launch new L1s: Specialized networks optimized for specific tasks (Solana – speed/TPS, Cosmos – sovereignty/interoperability, Avalanche – customizability).
2. Create Appchains / Subchains: Dedicated blockchains for single applications (dYdX v4 on Cosmos, games on Immutable zkEVM).
3. Deploy on L2 Rollups: Using Ethereum as a base security layer but offloading execution to high-performance “child” chains (Arbitrum, Optimism, zkSync, etc.).

Result:

• More block space: Transactions distributed across many networks.
• Lower fees: Network competition and increased capacity.
• Accelerated innovation: Different networks experimented with consensus (Solana’s Proof-of-History), virtual machines (Sui/Aptos’ Move), architecture (modularity).

Side Effect: The Great Fragmentation

However, the multichain boom created severe problems of fragmentation:

1. Liquidity Fragmentation:

• Problem: Each network (especially PoS) needs staking for security. Each DEX needs deep liquidity pools. User capital scattered across dozens of networks instead of concentrating in one or two. This led to:
  • Weaker security guarantees for new networks (less stake).
  • High slippage on DEXs in shallow pools.
  • Capital inefficiency (identical liquidity duplicated across N networks).
• Relevance (2025): Remains a key problem, especially for new networks and niche DApps. Addressed by liquidity aggregators (DLN, Squid) and cross-chain pools (Stargate, Circle CCTP).

2. User Fragmentation:

• Problem: Communities became siloed within preferred networks (“Eth maxis,” “Solanians,” “Cosmonauts”). Isolated enclaves formed instead of one large Web3 community. Users rarely interacted with DApps outside their “home” network.
• Relevance (2025): Still noticeable but mitigated by cross-chain wallets (Rainbow, Trust Wallet Multichain), social dApps (Farcaster on OP Stack), and chain abstraction.

3. Developer Mindshare Fragmentation:

• Problem: Talent and innovation potential concentrated on Ethereum fragmented across ecosystems. Developers spent huge resources porting code and maintaining N deployments instead of building novel features.
• Relevance (2025): Worsened with non-EVM ecosystem growth (Sui, Aptos, Bitcoin L2). Addressed via universal VMs (WASM), improved multichain deployment tools (thirdweb, Fleek), RaaS.

4. DApp Cloning / Fork Fatigue:

• Problem: Projects were forced to “clone” apps onto all popular networks to avoid losing users. This drained team resources (“fork fatigue”) and diluted product uniqueness.
• Relevance (2025): Persists but decreasing due to true cross-chain apps and chain abstraction letting users interact with DApps on any network from a single entry point.

5. User Experience (UX) Complexity:

• Problem: Users had to:
  • Manage multiple wallets/seed phrases.
  • Track assets across networks.
  • Know RPC settings for different networks.
  • Manually switch networks in wallets (often error-prone).
  • Use bridges (hack risk, delays) or CEXs to move assets – slow, expensive, non-private.
• Relevance (2025): The main pain point! This complexity is the primary barrier to mass adoption. The solution – chain and account abstraction (see “Future” section).

Section 3: Multichain vs. Cross-Chain: Key Differences

Fragmentation caused by multichain spurred demand for a new generation of infrastructure: Cross-Chain Technologies. This is a critical distinction!

• Multichain:
  • Essence: Existence of multiple separate, parallel blockchain networks. Focus on quantity and diversity of chains.
  • Analogy: Many islands (chains), each with its ecosystem.
  • Solves: Scalability limitations of a single chain (trilemma).
  • Creates: Fragmentation (liquidity, users, developers, UX).
  • Examples: Launching a new L1 (Sui), deploying a DApp on 5 networks (Uniswap on ETH/ARB/OP/POLY/BASE), creating a modular execution layer on Celestia.
• Cross-Chain:
  • Essence: Technologies that link these separate chains, enabling the movement of assets, data, and logic execution between them. Focus on connection and interoperability.
  • Analogy: Bridges, ferries, common language between islands.
  • Solves: Fragmentation problems caused by multichain.
  • Goal: Eliminating silos, creating a unified Web3 experience.
  • Examples: Bridges (Stargate, LayerZero, Wormhole), messengers (CCIP, IBC), aggregators (LiFi, Socket), solvers (Jupiter, Anoma).

Simply put:

• Multichain created many chains.
• Cross-Chain connects these chains together.

Section 4: Anatomy of Multichain: Key Ecosystem Components (2025)

The multichain world is a complex ecosystem of complementary technologies. Key building blocks:

1. Layer-1 Base Networks (L1):

• What: Independent blockchains with their validator set, consensus, security, and native token. The foundation of the multichain landscape.
• Role: Provide the highest security/decentralization (often at speed/cost expense). “Trust anchors.”
• Examples (2025):
  • Ethereum (PoS): Dominant L1 for settlement/DA for rollups. ETH is the primary collateral asset in DeFi and restaking.
  • Solana (PoH + PoS): Leader in speed/low cost for mass apps (NFT, memecoins, DePIN, Firedancer for scaling).
  • Bitcoin (PoW + L2s): Security & “digital gold” status. Rapidly growing L2 layer (Merlin Chain, Stacks, BitVM solutions) for DeFi/smart contracts.
  • Cosmos (IBC + Interchain Security): Ecosystem of sovereign blockchains connected via IBC. Leader in appchain movement.
  • Sui / Aptos (MoveVM): High-performance L1s focused on asset safety (Move language), gaming/social apps.
  • Near (Sharding + Nightshade): Scalable L1 emphasizing user-friendliness (human-readable addresses) and chain abstraction (Chain Signatures).
  • Avalanche (Subnets): Enables custom blockchain launches (subnets) with varying sovereignty.

2. Modular Networks & Layers:

• What: Architecture splitting blockchain functions (Execution, Consensus, DA, Settlement) into specialized, independently scalable layers.
• Role: Lowering barriers to new chain launches, improving efficiency, enabling specialization.
• Key Players (2025):
  • Execution Layers (L2/L3):
    • Rollups: Arbitrum Orbit, Optimism Superchain, Polygon CDK, zkSync Hyperchains, Starknet Appchains, Base, Blast. Use Ethereum (or others) for security/DA/Settlement.
    • Validiums / Volitions: Rollups using external DA layers (Celestia, EigenDA, Avail) for greater scalability/cost efficiency.
  • Data Availability (DA) Layers:
    • Celestia: Modular DA pioneer. Widely used by new rollups/L3s.
    • EigenDA (from EigenLayer): DA layer secured by ETH restakers. Rapid 2024-2025 growth.
    • Avail (from Polygon): Focused on DA and zero-knowledge interoperability.
    • Near DA: Leverages Near sharding throughput.
  • Consensus / Security Layers:
    • Ethereum (via restaking): EigenLayer lets restakers secure actively validated services (AVS), including new DA layers, oracles, solvers.
    • Cosmos Hub (Interchain Security v3): Allows small chains to lease security from Cosmos Hub validators.
    • Babylon: Enables PoS chains to leverage Bitcoin security via timestamping and BTC staking.

3. Standardized Execution Environments:

• What: Virtual Machines (VMs) executing smart contract code. Standardizing VMs drastically reduces development/porting complexity.
• Role: Simplifying multichain DApp creation.
• Dominant Standards (2025):
  • EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine): De facto standard. Supported by most L1s (Polygon, Avalanche C-Chain, BNB Chain) & L2s (Arbitrum, Optimism, Base, zkSync Era, Scroll). Easy Solidity contract porting.
  • SVM (Solana Virtual Machine): Optimized for speed/parallelism. Gaining traction with Solana growth and compatible L2s (Eclipse)/appchains.
  • MoveVM (Sui, Aptos): Focused on asset safety (asset-oriented). Popular in games/DeFi with high security demands.
  • WASM (WebAssembly): Becoming a universal multichain VM (supported in Polkadot, Cosmos, Near, Internet Computer). Allows contracts in Rust, C++, Go.

4. Multichain Applications (Multichain DApps):

(Described in detail in Section 1, Application Level). Key: Isolated deployments on N networks. Examples: Uniswap, Aave, SushiSwap, Galxe (Quest), LayerZero Scan.

5. Consensus Protocols:

• What: Mechanisms by which network nodes agree on blockchain state and validate transactions.
• Role: Ensuring security, finality, decentralization. Different algorithms make different trade-offs.
• Main Types in the Multichain Era (2025):
  

  Mechanism	Speed (TPS)	Decentralization	Energy Eff.	Example Networks (2025)
  PoS (L1)	Medium-High	High	High	Ethereum, Cosmos, Avalanche
  PoS (L2)	Very High	Medium (depends on L1)	Very High	Arbitrum, Optimism, zkSync
  DPoS/PoH	Extreme	Low-Medium	High	Solana
  PoW	Low	Very High	Low	Bitcoin
  PoA/PoSA	High	Low	High	BNB Chain, Gnosis Chain

Section 5: Multichain in Action: Real-World Cases (2025)

Multichain’s power lies in selecting the ideal network for specific tasks. Practical examples:

1. GameFi & Immersive Worlds:

• Networks: Sui, Immutable zkEVM (Ethereum), Oasys, Ronin.
• Why: Require extreme TPS (thousands/sec), micro-fees (fractions of a cent), fast finality (<1 sec), and complex NFT support (dynamic, composable).
• Examples:
  • Aurory (Sui): Tactical RPG with deep NFT in-game economy.
  • Illuvium (Immutable zkEVM): AAA blockchain game with auto-battlers and open-world lands.
  • Pixels (Ronin): Social farming game gone viral due to low fees/speed.
  • Gas Hero (Findora zkEVM): Social strategy with PvP battles using ZK for privacy.

2. High-Frequency DeFi & Derivatives:

• Networks: Hyperliquid (L1), Aevo (OP Stack L2), dYdX v4 (Cosmos appchain), Vertex (Arbitrum).
• Why: Require ultra-low latency (<100ms), high throughput, minimal slippage, advanced order models (order books, oracles).
• Examples:
  • Hyperliquid: Specialized L1 for perpetual futures with its own decentralized order book exchange.
  • dYdX v4: Leading perpetuals DEX migrated to its own Cosmos appchain for full control/scalability.
  • Aevo: Options & perpetuals platform on L2 known for high volume/low fees.

3. NFT Marketplaces & SocialFi:

• Networks: Solana, Base, Blast, Polygon.
• Why: Require cheap NFT minting/trading, high speed for social interactions (likes, reposts), fiat on-ramp integration.
• Examples:
  • Tensor (Solana): Leading Solana NFT marketplace known for aggressive airdrops and low fees.
  • Magic Eden (Multichain: Solana, Bitcoin, Ethereum, Polygon): Largest multichain NFT marketplace using cross-chain bridges for liquidity.
  • Friend.tech v2 (Base): Social platform where tokenized “Keys” grant private chat access.
  • Fantasy Top (Blast): NFT collection/game with leagues based on crypto personalities, exploded on Blast.

4. Appchains & Specialized Networks:

• Networks: Cosmos Ecosystem, Polygon CDK, OP Stack, Arbitrum Orbit.
• Why: For apps needing full network control (fees, security, governance), max performance, or unique features impossible on shared networks.
• Examples:
  • dYdX v4 (Cosmos appchain): See above.
  • Lyra V2 (OP Stack L2): Options platform on its own OP Chain.
  • Xai (Arbitrum Orbit L3): L3 for games on Arbitrum.
  • Osmosis (Cosmos appchain): Leading Cosmos ecosystem DEX with advanced AMM mechanics.

5. Interoperability Infrastructure:

• What: Technologies that connect different chains in the multichain landscape (cross-chain).
• Examples (2025):
  • Universal Bridges:
    • Stargate (LayerZero): TVL leader, supports dozens of networks.
    • Wormhole: Bridge supporting multiple VMs (EVM, SVM, MoveVM, CosmWasm).
    • Circle CCTP: Standard for cross-chain USDC stablecoin transfers.
    • zkBridges: Emerging class using ZK-proofs for security (Polyhedra, Succinct).
  • Messaging Protocols:
    • LayerZero: Enables arbitrary message exchange between smart contracts on different chains (beyond tokens). Foundation for cross-chain DApps.
    • Chainlink CCIP: Chainlink standard focusing on security/enterprise support.
    • IBC (Inter-Blockchain Communication): Communication standard within Cosmos ecosystem and external chains (via peg zones).
  • Aggregators:
    • LiFi / Socket / Rango: Help users find optimal routes for swapping/transferring assets between any two chains using multiple bridges/DEXs under the hood. Simplify UX.
  • Solver Networks:
    • Jupiter (Solana): DEX aggregator evolving into a solver network for intent-based transactions.
    • Anoma / Flashbots SUAVE: Projects building networks to coordinate complex, multichain user intents (e.g., “Buy me the best NFT on Solana or Ethereum for $X”).

Section 6: The Future of Multichain: The Era of Abstraction (2025+)

Multichain and cross-chain infrastructure in 2025 are solved technical problems. Dozens of L1s/L2s operate; bridges/messengers connect almost all significant networks. Focus has shifted to creating a seamless user experience that hides this complexity. This is called Abstraction.

1. Account Abstraction (AA):

• What: Technology turning traditional EOA wallets (Externally Owned Account – just a key pair) into a programmable smart contract wallet.
• Solves multichain problems:
  • Single Entry Point: Users manage one wallet (contract) on a “base” network (often Ethereum L1/L2), but this wallet can initiate/sign transactions on any other network without manual switching.
  • Flexible Gas Payment: Users can pay gas on any network in any token (USDC, ETH, network native token). The wallet handles conversion/sponsorship.
  • Enhanced Security: Multisig, social recovery, spending limits, phishing protection – implemented at the smart contract wallet level.
  • Bundled Transactions: Executing multiple actions across networks in one user operation (“sign with one click”).
• Key Players/Standards (2025):
  • ERC-4337: AA standard on Ethereum/compatible EVM chains. Supported by wallets (Safe, Biconomy, Coinbase Wallet) and infrastructure (Stackup, Pimlico, Alchemy).
  • Particle Network (Chain Abstraction Stack): Provides tools for easy AA + chain abstraction integration, including universal accounts and gasless transactions.
  • NEAR Chain Signatures: Allows NEAR wallets to sign transactions on any other blockchain (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Cosmos, etc.).

2. Chain Abstraction:

• What: Technology that completely hides the concept of “which chain a user is on”. Users interact with an application or asset; the infrastructure determines the optimal network and executes the operation.
• Solves multichain problems:
  • No Manual Network Selection: Users see a unified asset balance (aggregated across networks), a single transaction list. The wallet/DApp decides where to store assets/execute operations.
  • Automatic Routing: When sending tokens or calling a DApp function, the system automatically finds the best route via bridges, DEXs, and solvers.
  • Unified UX: Regardless of which DApp/network a user interacts with, the wallet interface and signing process remain identical.
• Key Players/Approaches (2025):
  • Universal Account Providers: Particle Network, Dynamic.
  • Unified Execution Infrastructure:
    • Omni Network: Creates a unified “virtual” execution layer aggregating liquidity/state from multiple networks (Ethereum, Solana, Cosmos). DApps write once for Omni, execute on the optimal network.
    • Polygon AggLayer / zkSync Hyperchains / OP Superchain: Create “unified spaces” for chains built on their CDK/Stack. Chains within a “cluster” share liquidity and seamless interoperability.
  • Abstraction-Enabled Wallets: Rainbow, Trust Wallet, Coinbase Wallet (via Smart Wallet), Phantom (Solana, with cross-chain ambitions).
  • Solver Networks: Jupiter Exchange (expanding beyond Solana), Anoma, Flashbots SUAVE. Accept user intents (“Buy 100 USDC for ETH at best price”) and find optimal execution paths.

Section 7: Challenges and Opportunities for Multichain’s Future (2025+)

Despite progress, challenges remain:

1. Cross-Chain Infrastructure Security:

• Risk: Bridges/messengers remain prime hacker targets ($1.7B+ exploits in 2024 per Chainalysis). Complex multichain transactions in abstraction may create new attack vectors.
• Trends: Active adoption of zk-proofs in bridges/messengers (Polyhedra, Succinct, Electron Labs). Growth of insurance protocols (Nexus Mutual, InsurAce). Enhanced audits/formal verification.

2. Regulation (Compliance):

• Risk: Regulators (MiCA in EU, laws in US/Asia) impose KYC/AML requirements, especially for cross-chain movements/stablecoins. Could complicate abstraction UX.
• Trends: Development of private zero-knowledge (zk) solutions balancing compliance/privacy. Integration of identity verification (Verifiable Credentials) into AA wallets.

3. Solver/Orchestrator Centralization:

• Risk: Solver networks/orchestrators managing complex multichain operations could become centralized points of failure/censorship.
• Trends: Development of decentralized solver networks (Anoma, SUAVE). Using restaking (EigenLayer) to decentralize orchestrators.

4. Abstraction Development Complexity:

• Risk: Building truly cross-chain DApps or integrating abstraction infrastructure is currently harder than simple multichain deployment.
• Trends: Improved SDKs/developer tools (Particle, Omni, LayerZero, thirdweb). Interface standardization.

Growth Opportunities:

1. Mass Adoption via Simple UX: Chain/account abstraction is the key chance to attract millions of users for whom current Web3 complexity is unacceptable.
2. True Cross-Chain DApps: Emergence of DApps whose state/logic is natively distributed across multiple networks, not just cloned.
3. Multichain DePIN & AI: Physical infrastructure (DePIN) and artificial intelligence require coordinating resources/data/computation across networks.
4. Interoperability with Traditional Systems: Bridges between blockchains and TradFi/Web2 via institutional gateways and RWA (Real World Assets).

Conclusion: From Archipelago to Continent

The multichain ecosystem has undergone impressive evolution:

1. Era of Isolation: Blockchains as isolated islands (until ~2020).
2. Era of Multichain: Explosive creation of new networks solving scalability, causing fragmentation (2020-2023).
3. Era of Cross-Chain: Emergence of bridges/interoperability protocols, connecting islands into an archipelago (2021-2024).
4. Era of Abstraction (2024+): Creating a Web3 “continent” where users don’t need to know which island (network) they’re on. Complexity is hidden under a unified, seamless experience.

Multichain is not a problem to solve. It’s a fundamental reality and strength of Web3. Cross-chain technologies wove disparate networks into a unified fabric. Now, abstraction makes this tapestry invisible to the user, leaving only value and functionality.

The ultimate goal is simple: A Web3 user should interact with digital value and applications as easily as an internet user interacts with websites – completely unaware of the complex infrastructure underneath. This future is already arriving.

Appendices (For Deep Dive)

• Glossary of Core Terms: EVM, L1, L2, Rollup, DA, Gas, Bridge, Interoperability, Smart Contract, DApp, PoS, PoW, NFT, DeFi, GameFi.
• Checklist: How to Start Using Multichain Today (2025):
  1. Choose a wallet supporting AA & chain abstraction (Rainbow, Trust Wallet Multichain).
  2. Fund your account on an Ethereum L2 (Arbitrum, Optimism, Base via fiat on-ramp).
  3. Use the wallet’s built-in bridge/aggregator to move funds to Solana or another desired network.
  4. Explore DApps on different networks directly through the wallet interface, no manual switching.
  5. Pay gas fees in USDC if your wallet supports it.
• Resources:
  • Analytical Reports: Messari, CoinGecko
  • Dashboards: DeFiLlama, L2Beat
  • Developer Tools: thirdweb, Particle Network Docs